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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amyloid-Precursor-Protein</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe-basis infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Protein_Amyloid-Precursor-Protein" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Protein">
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Amyloid-Precursor-Protein
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;;">Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
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<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Masse</a>/Länge <a href="Prim%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Primärstruktur">Primärstruktur</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">753 Aminosäuren
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<td><a href="Sekund%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Sekundärstruktur">Sekundär-</a> bis <a href="Quart%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Quartärstruktur">Quartärstruktur</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">single pass Membranprotein
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<td><a href="Isoform" title="Isoform">Isoformen</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">10
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Bezeichner
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<td><a href="Human_Genome_Organisation" title="Human Genome Organisation">Gen-Name</a>
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<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=620">APP</a></i>
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<td>Externe IDs
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<td colspan="2" class="">
<ul><li><a href="Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/104760">104760</a></li>
<li><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P05067">P05067</a></li></ul>
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Inhibitorklassifikation
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<td><a href="MEROPS" title="MEROPS">MEROPS</a>
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<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/cgi-bin/pepsum?id=I02.015">I02.015</a>
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Vorkommen
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">Homologie-Familie
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hogenom.univ-lyon1.fr/query_sequence?seq=P05067">Beta-Amyloid</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">Übergeordnetes <a href="Taxon" title="Taxon">Taxon</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="Wirbeltiere" title="Wirbeltiere">Wirbeltiere</a>
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<p>Das <b>Amyloid-Precursor-Protein</b> (<a href="Amyloidose" title="Amyloidose">Amyloid</a>-Vorläuferprotein, APP) ist ein integrales <a href="Membranprotein" title="Membranprotein">Membranprotein</a>, von dem man annimmt, dass es bei der Bildung von <a href="Synapsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapsen">Synapsen</a> eine Rolle spielt, obwohl seine Funktion bis jetzt noch nicht genau bekannt ist.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Bei der Spaltung des APP, das eine Größe von 753–770 Aminosäureeinheiten aufweist, durch die <a href="Alpha-Sekretasen" title="Alpha-Sekretasen">Alpha-Sekretasen</a> entstehen kleinere, wasserlösliche Proteine mit 654 bis 670 <a href="Aminos%C3%A4uren" title="Aminosäuren">AS-Bausteinen</a>, sogenannte <i>sAPPs</i> oder <i>APPsα</i>, die neuroprotektive Eigenschaften besitzen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Bei der Entstehung der <a href="Alzheimerkrankheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzheimerkrankheit">Alzheimerkrankheit</a> schneiden zwei <a href="Enzym" title="Enzym">Enzyme</a>, die <a href="Beta-Sekretase" title="Beta-Sekretase">Beta-Sekretase</a> und die <a href="Gamma-Sekretase" title="Gamma-Sekretase">Gamma-Sekretase</a>, ein 39 bis 42 Aminosäuren langes, neurotoxisches Bruchstück aus dem Amyloid-Precursor-Protein, welches <a href="Beta-Amyloid" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Amyloid">β-Amyloid</a> genannt wird. Dieses Bruchstück ist ein Hauptbestandteil der <a href="Senile_Plaques" title="Senile Plaques">Plaques</a> in den Gehirnen von Alzheimer-Patienten.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Beim Menschen liegt das Gen für APP auf dem Chromosom 21. Dies ist der Grund dafür, dass Menschen mit <a href="Down-Syndrom" title="Down-Syndrom">Trisomie 21</a> (Down-Syndrom) sehr oft an Alzheimer erkranken.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alle Tiere haben <a href="Homologie_(Genetik)" title="Homologie (Genetik)">Homologe</a>.
</p><p>Mutationen im APP-Gen können familiären (genetisch bedingten) Alzheimer auslösen<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder, wie im Fall der Mutation <i>A673T</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> den Ausbruch der Krankheit verhindern.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Paul J. Barrett et al.: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Amyloid Precursor Protein Has a Flexible Transmembrane Domain and Binds Cholesterol</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Science</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>336</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6085</span>, 2012, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1168–1171</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1219988">10.1126/science.1219988</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654059?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22654059</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528355/">PMC 3528355</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Amyloid-Precursor-Protein&rft.atitle=The+Amyloid+Precursor+Protein+Has+a+Flexible+Transmembrane+Domain+and+Binds+Cholesterol&rft.au=Paul+J.+Barrett+et+al.&rft.date=2012&rft.doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1219988&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=6085&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1168-1171&rft.pmc=3528355&rft.pmid=22654059&rft.volume=336" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.c.50">The Amyloid β-Protein Peptide (AβPP) Family</a></li>
<li>Jennifer McDowall, Interpro: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2006_7/Page1.htm">Protein Of The Month: <i>Amyloid-b Precursor Protein.</i></a> (engl.)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christina Priller, Thomas Bauer, Gerda Mitteregger, Bjarne Krebs, Hans A. Kretzschmar, Jochen Herms: <cite style="font-style:italic">Synapse Formation and Function Is Modulated by the Amyloid Precursor Protein</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Journal of Neuroscience</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>26</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>27</span>, 2006, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7212–7221</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1450-06.2006">10.1523/jneurosci.1450-06.2006</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16822978?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16822978</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6673945/">PMC 6673945</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Amyloid-Precursor-Protein&rft.atitle=Synapse+Formation+and+Function+Is+Modulated+by+the+Amyloid+Precursor+Protein&rft.au=Christina+Priller%2C+Thomas+Bauer%2C+Gerda+Mitteregger%2C+...&rft.date=2006&rft.doi=10.1523%2Fjneurosci.1450-06.2006&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=27&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Neuroscience&rft.pages=7212-7221&rft.pmc=6673945&rft.pmid=16822978&rft.volume=26" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Detlev Ganten, Aloys Greither: <i>Molekularmedizinische Grundlagen von altersspezifischen Erkrankungen.</i> <a href="Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer-Verlag</a>, 2004, ISBN 3-540-00858-6.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Toshifumi Matsui, Martin Ingelsson, Hiroaki Fukumoto, Karunya Ramasamy, Hisatomo Kowa, Matthew P. Frosch, Michael C. Irizarry, Bradley T. Hyman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Expression of APP pathway mRNAs and proteins in Alzheimer’s disease</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Brain Research</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1161</span>, 2007, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>116–123</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.050">10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.050</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17586478?dopt=Abstract">PMID 17586478</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Amyloid-Precursor-Protein&rft.atitle=Expression+of+APP+pathway+mRNAs+and+proteins+in+Alzheimer%E2%80%99s+disease&rft.au=Toshifumi+Matsui%2C+Martin+Ingelsson%2C+Hiroaki+Fukumoto%2C+...&rft.btitle=Brain+Research&rft.date=2007&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.brainres.2007.05.050&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=116-123&rft.pmid=17586478&rft.volume=1161" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ira T. Lott, Elizabeth Head: <cite style="font-style:italic">Dementia in Down syndrome: unique insights for Alzheimer disease research</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nature Reviews Neurology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>15</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, 2019, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>135–147</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-018-0132-6">10.1038/s41582-018-0132-6</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30733618?dopt=Abstract">PMID 30733618</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8061428/">PMC 8061428</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Amyloid-Precursor-Protein&rft.atitle=Dementia+in+Down+syndrome%3A+unique+insights+for+Alzheimer+disease+research&rft.au=Ira+T.+Lott%2C+Elizabeth+Head&rft.date=2019&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fs41582-018-0132-6&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews+Neurology&rft.pages=135-147&rft.pmc=8061428&rft.pmid=30733618&rft.volume=15" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Zheng, E. H. Koo: <i>The amyloid precursor protein: beyond amyloid.</i> In: <i>Mol Neurodegener.</i> 3;1, 2006, S. 5. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16930452?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16930452</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thorlákur Jónsson, Jasvinder K. Atwal, Stacy Steinberg, Jón Snædal, Pálmi V. Jónsson, Sigurbjörn Björnsson, Hreinn Stefánsson, Patrick Sulem, Daníel F. Guðbjartsson, Janice Maloney, Kwame Hoyte, Amy Gustafson, Yichin Liu, Yanmei Lu, Tushar Bhangale, Robert Graham, Johanna Huttenlocher, Gyða Björnsdóttir, Ole A. Andreassen, Erik G. Jönsson, Aarno Palotie, Timothy W. Behrens, Ólafur Þ. Magnússon, Augustine Kong, Unnur Þorsteinsdóttir, Ryan J. Watts, Kāri Stefánsson: <cite style="font-style:italic">A mutation in APP protects against Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nature</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>488</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7409</span>, 2012, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>96–99</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11283">10.1038/nature11283</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22801501?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22801501</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Amyloid-Precursor-Protein&rft.atitle=A+mutation+in+APP+protects+against+Alzheimer%E2%80%99s+disease+and+age-related+cognitive+decline&rft.au=Thorl%C3%A1kur+J%C3%B3nsson%2C+Jasvinder+K.+Atwal%2C+Stacy+Steinberg%2C+...&rft.date=2012&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fnature11283&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7409&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=96-99&rft.pmid=22801501&rft.volume=488" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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